home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
-
-
- RRRROOOOUUUUTTTTEEEE((((1111MMMM)))) RRRROOOOUUUUTTTTEEEE((((1111MMMM))))
-
-
-
- NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
- route - manually manipulate the routing tables
-
- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- ////uuuussssrrrr////eeeettttcccc////rrrroooouuuutttteeee [----nnnnqqqqffffFFFF] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [[_m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s] _a_r_g_s]
-
- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- _R_o_u_t_e is a utility used to manually manipulate the network routing
- tables. It normally is not needed, as a system routing table management
- daemon such as _r_o_u_t_e_d(1M), should tend to this task.
-
- The _r_o_u_t_e utility supports a limited number of general options, but a
- rich command language, enabling the user to specify any arbitrary request
- that could be delivered via the programmatic interface
-
- ----nnnn Bypasses attempts to print host and network names symbolically when
- reporting actions. (The process of translating between symbolic
- names and numerical equivalents can be quite time consuming, and may
- require correct operation of the network; thus it may be expedient to
- forgo this, especially when attempting to repair networking
- operations),
-
- ----vvvv (verbose) Print additional details.
-
- ----qqqq Suppress all output.
-
- ----FFFF Flush all entries, not just gateway entries, usually when restarting
- the system. Note that unless at least some of the major non-gateway
- routes are immediately restored, the system will not work.
-
- The _r_o_u_t_e utility provides six commands:
-
- aaaadddddddd Add a route.
-
- fffflllluuuusssshhhh Remove all 'gateway' routes. Non-gateway routes are added by
- device drivers when the interface is configured, and so should
- usually not be removed.
-
- ddddeeeelllleeeetttteeee Delete a specific route.
-
- cccchhhhaaaannnnggggeeee Change aspects of a route (such as its gateway).
-
- ggggeeeetttt Lookup and display the route for a destination.
-
- mmmmoooonnnniiiittttoooorrrr Continuously report any changes to the routing information
- base, routing lookup misses, or suspected network
- partitionings.
-
- The monitor command has the syntax
-
-
-
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111
-
-
-
-
-
-
- RRRROOOOUUUUTTTTEEEE((((1111MMMM)))) RRRROOOOUUUUTTTTEEEE((((1111MMMM))))
-
-
-
- rrrroooouuuutttteeee [----nnnn] mmmmoooonnnniiiittttoooorrrr
-
- The flush command has the syntax
-
- rrrroooouuuutttteeee [----nnnn] [----FFFF] fffflllluuuusssshhhh
-
- If the fffflllluuuusssshhhh command is specified, rrrroooouuuutttteeee will ``flush'' the routing
- tables of all gateway entries. The ----FFFF flag flushes all entries are
- deleted.
-
- The other commands have the following syntax:
-
- rrrroooouuuutttteeee [----nnnn] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [----nnnneeeetttt | ----hhhhoooosssstttt] _d_e_s_t_i_n_a_t_i_o_n _g_a_t_e_w_a_y
-
- where _d_e_s_t_i_n_a_t_i_o_n is the destination host or network, _g_a_t_e_w_a_y is the
- next-hop intermediary via which packets should be routed. Routes to a
- particular host may be distinguished from those to a network by
- interpreting the Internet address specified as the _d_e_s_t_i_n_a_t_i_o_n argument.
-
- _d_e_s_t_i_n_a_t_i_o_n may be specified with the keyword ``default'' (instead of an
- IP address or name) to specify a route to all possible destinations; this
- is the route of last resort, used by the system if no better match is
- found.
-
- Configuring a static default route is often useful if there is only one
- path available to get traffic out of the local subnet. This can be
- accomplished easily by adding the route to ////eeeettttcccc////ccccoooonnnnffffiiiigggg////ssssttttaaaattttiiiicccc----
- rrrroooouuuutttteeee....ooooppppttttiiiioooonnnnssss.
-
- The optional modifiers nnnneeeetttt and hhhhoooosssstttt force the destination to be
- interpreted as a network or a host, respectively. Otherwise, if the
- _d_e_s_t_i_n_a_t_i_o_n has a ``local address part'' of INADDR_ANY , or if the
- _d_e_s_t_i_n_a_t_i_o_n is the symbolic name of a network, then the route is assumed
- to be to a network; otherwise, it is presumed to be a route to a host.
-
- For example, 128.32 is interpreted as ----hhhhoooosssstttt 128.0.0.32 ; 128.32.130 is
- interpreted as ----hhhhoooosssstttt 128.32.0.130; ----nnnneeeetttt 128.32 is interpreted as
- 128.32.0.0; and ----nnnneeeetttt 128.32.130 is interpreted as 128.32.130.0.
-
- If the destination is directly reachable via an interface requiring no
- intermediary system to act as a gateway, the ----iiiinnnntttteeeerrrrffffaaaacccceeee modifier should
- be specified; the gateway given is the address of this host on the common
- network, indicating the interface to be used for transmission.
-
- The optional ----nnnneeeettttmmmmaaaasssskkkk qualifier is intended to achieve the effect of an
- OSI ESIS redirect with the netmask option, or to manually add subnet
- routes with netmasks different from that of the implied network interface
- (as would otherwise be communicated using the OSPF or ISIS routing
- protocols). One specifies an additional ensuing address parameter (to be
- interpreted as a network mask). The implicit network mask generated in
- the AF_INET case can be overridden by making sure this option follows the
- destination parameter.
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
-
-
-
-
-
-
- RRRROOOOUUUUTTTTEEEE((((1111MMMM)))) RRRROOOOUUUUTTTTEEEE((((1111MMMM))))
-
-
-
- Routes have associated flags which influence operation of the protocols
- when sending to destinations matched by the routes. These flags may be
- set (or sometimes cleared) by indicating the following corresponding
- modifiers:
-
- -cloning RTF_CLONING - generates a new route on use
- -xresolve RTF_XRESOLVE - emit mesg on use (for external lookup)
- -iface ~RTF_GATEWAY - destination is directly reachable
- -static RTF_STATIC - manually added route
- -nostatic ~RTF_STATIC - pretend route added by kernel or daemon
- -reject RTF_REJECT - emit an ICMP unreachable when matched
- -blackhole RTF_BLACKHOLE - silently discard pkts (during updates)
- -proto1 RTF_PROTO1 - set protocol specific routing flag #1
- -proto2 RTF_PROTO2 - set protocol specific routing flag #2
- -llinfo RTF_LLINFO - validly translates proto addr to link addr
-
-
- The optional modifiers ----rrrrtttttttt, ----rrrrttttttttvvvvaaaarrrr, ----sssseeeennnnddddppppiiiippppeeee, ----rrrreeeeccccvvvvppppiiiippppeeee, ----mmmmttttuuuu,
- ----hhhhooooppppccccoooouuuunnnntttt, ----eeeexxxxppppiiiirrrreeee, and ----sssssssstttthhhhrrrreeeesssshhhh provide initial values to quantities
- maintained in the routing entry by transport level protocols, such as TCP
- or TP4. These may be individually locked by preceding each such modifier
- to be locked by the ----lllloooocccckkkk meta-modifier, or one can specify that all
- ensuing metrics may be locked by the ----lllloooocccckkkkrrrreeeesssstttt meta-modifier.
-
- In a cccchhhhaaaannnnggggeeee or aaaadddddddd command where the destination and gateway are not
- sufficient to specify the route (as in the case where several interfaces
- may have the same address), the ----iiiiffffpppp or ----iiiiffffaaaa modifiers may be used to
- determine the interface or interface address.
-
- All symbolic names specified for a _d_e_s_t_i_n_a_t_i_o_n or _g_a_t_e_w_a_y are looked up
- first as a host name using ggggeeeetttthhhhoooossssttttbbbbyyyynnnnaaaammmmeeee(3). If this lookup fails,
- ggggeeeettttnnnneeeettttbbbbyyyynnnnaaaammmmeeee(3) is then used to interpret the name as that of a network.
-
- RRRRoooouuuutttteeee uses a routing socket and the new message types RTM_ADD,
- RTM_DELETE, RTM_GET, and RTM_CHANGE. As such, only the super-user may
- modify the routing tables.
-
- DDDDIIIIAAAAGGGGNNNNOOOOSSSSTTTTIIIICCCCSSSS
- aaaadddddddd [[[[hhhhoooosssstttt |||| nnnneeeettttwwwwoooorrrrkkkk ]]]] %%%%ssss:::: ggggaaaatttteeeewwwwaaaayyyy %%%%ssss ffffllllaaaaggggssss %%%%xxxx
- The specified route is being added to the tables. The values printed
- are from the routing table entry supplied in the iiiiooooccccttttllll(2) call. If
- the gateway address used was not the primary address of the gateway
- (the first one returned by ggggeeeetttthhhhoooossssttttbbbbyyyynnnnaaaammmmeeee(3), the gateway address is
- printed numerically as well as symbolically.
-
- ddddeeeelllleeeetttteeee [[[[ hhhhoooosssstttt &&&&|||| nnnneeeettttwwwwoooorrrrkkkk ]]]] %%%%ssss:::: ggggaaaatttteeeewwwwaaaayyyy %%%%ssss ffffllllaaaaggggssss %%%%xxxx
- As above, but when deleting an entry.
-
- %%%%ssss %%%%ssss ddddoooonnnneeee
- When the fffflllluuuusssshhhh command is specified, each routing table entry deleted
- is indicated with a message of this form.
-
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333
-
-
-
-
-
-
- RRRROOOOUUUUTTTTEEEE((((1111MMMM)))) RRRROOOOUUUUTTTTEEEE((((1111MMMM))))
-
-
-
- NNNNeeeettttwwwwoooorrrrkkkk iiiissss uuuunnnnrrrreeeeaaaacccchhhhaaaabbbblllleeee
- An attempt to add a route failed because the gateway listed was not
- on a directly-connected network. The next-hop gateway must be given.
-
- nnnnooootttt iiiinnnn ttttaaaabbbblllleeee
- A delete operation was attempted for an entry which wasn't present in
- the tables.
-
- rrrroooouuuuttttiiiinnnngggg ttttaaaabbbblllleeee oooovvvveeeerrrrfffflllloooowwww
- An add operation was attempted, but the system was low on resources
- and was unable to allocate memory to create the new entry.
-
- SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
- netintro(7), routed(1M).
-
- BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
- The first paragraph may have slightly exaggerated rrrroooouuuutttteeeedddd's abilities.
-
- FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
- /etc/config/static-route.options static route configuration file
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 4444
-
-
-
-